This is an extremely old and cherished breed in Portugal. It was once found all along the whole coast, but is now confined mostly to the southern shores of the Algarve region of Portugal.

This is truly a water dog and was highly valued by the fishermen for whom it served in many capacities. These marvelous dogs were particularly helpful in retrieving lost tackle, broken tackle and nets, and as a bearer of messages from boat or fleet to shore.

The breed shares basic heritage through the Spanish Spaniels and Water Dogs, with the Poodle, one of the world's most popular breeds.

It was greatly prized by fishermen for its spirited yet obedient nature and a robust, medium build that allowed for a full day's work in and out of the water. The Portuguese Water Dog is an athletic swimmer and diver of exceptional ability and stamina. He also aided his master by herding schools of fish between boats and to the shore.